Ap stats mcq - See All test questions. Real AP Past Papers with Multiple-Choice Questions. 1. Changing from a 95% confidence interval estimate for a population proportion to a 99% confidence interval estimate, with all other things being equal, A. increases the interval size by 4%. B. decreases the interval size by 4%. C. increases the interval size by 31%.

 
AP Statistics Scoring Guide Unit 3 Progress Check: MCQ Part A Copyright © 2017. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program.. Pittsburgh international airport pit 1000 airport blvd pittsburgh pa 15231

Get Probability and Statistics Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ Quiz) with answers and detailed solutions. Download these Free Probability and Statistics MCQ Quiz Pdf and prepare for your upcoming exams …Hey guys, I self studied ap stats and took the exam a few days ago. I feel pretty confident about the mcq section, but not too good about the frq section. I feel like my mcq score should be 34+, but I messed up my FRQ. I'm pretty sure I got full credit on questions 3 and 5. For question 1, I used central limit theorem instead of n and np ...Practice questions in Albert's AP® Statistics to review exam prep concepts such as describing and collecting data or using samples to make inferences in various contexts.Apr 11, 2023 ... In this video I go over MCQ #19-20 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2016 AP Statistics Exam.10 questions. 23 minutes. See All test questions. 1. A judge chosen at random reaches a just decision roughly 80% of the time. What is the probability that in randomly chosen cases …37 of 37. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for AP Statistics Multiple Choice Test Questions, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.Search for 'AP Statistics Free Response' to find the College Board website past exam page and work any FRQ you want from any previous year's exam (and check answers with their posted solutions). ... AP Statistics Course Review Study Guide. MCQ Review Materials: 2007 MCQs (problems) 2007 MCQs (solutions) 2002 MCQs (problems)An example of an animal that starts with the letter “X” is the Xerus inauris, commonly known as the South African ground squirrel. These squirrels can be found in the southern Afri...May 4, 2023 ... In this video I go over MCQ #28-31 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2016 AP Statistics Exam.AP Stat Final 2019 Multiple Choice. 31 terms. sjewel19. Preview. AP Stats Practice problems quiz 1-19. 19 terms. lydiap44. Preview. ch 8. 43 terms. tsoumbakopoulos. Preview. ... AP Statistics Vocab Quiz Chapters 12-13 (V4) 53 terms. hiranmayiln. Preview. CFU-Applying Tech to Disasters . 5 terms. Nico09111. Preview.Mar 30, 2023 ... In this video I go over MCQ #8-10 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2016 AP Statistics Exam.Apr 26, 2022 ... In this video I go over MCQ #20-25 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2017 AP Statistics Exam.a. it is a measure of spread. b. it is sensitive to outliers. c. it is the average of the max and min values. d. it is a measure of center. it is a measure spread. select the true statement: a. the five number summary consists of the minimum, Q1, mean, Q3, and max values. b. the IQR is a measure of spread and is found by adding the lower and ...40 multiple-choice questions. 50%. Section 2. Part A: 60 minutes. Part B: 30 minutes. 5 Free-response questions. ... AP Statistics Question Types Multiple Choice .Apr 26, 2022 ... In this video I go over MCQ #7-13 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2017 AP Statistics Exam.Questions 1–25 Directions: The questions or incomplete statements that follow are each followed by five suggested answers or completions. Choose the response that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1. Suppose there is a correlation of r = 0.9 between number of hours per day students study and GPAs. C. The test provides convincing evidence that the proportion is greater than 90%, but the actual proportion is equal to 90%. At a manufacturing company, the percent of defective items produced on the assembly line is 2%. The company is testing a new assembly line designed to reduce the percent of defective parts. Test your knowledge of confidence intervals with 12 multiple-choice questions and explanations. Learn how to calculate, interpret and apply confidence intervals in different …Each distribution is symmetric. D. Each distribution is roughly normal. E. The distributions are outliers of each other. Submit. AP Statistics Multiple-Choice Practice Test 23. This test contains 10 AP statistics practice questions with detailed explanations, to be completed in 23 minutes. AP Statistics Practice Exam From the 2 015 Administration This Practic e Exa m is provided by the Colleg e Boar d fo r AP Exam preparation . Teacher s ar e permitted to download the material s an d mak e copies to use wit h thei r student s in a classroo m settin g onl y. T o maintai n th e securit y of this exam , teacher s shoul d collec t al l material s afte r thei r administratio n an d ... AP Statistics Exam. The AP Stats course focuses on data collection and analysis, as well as the use of data to draw conclusions. There are four major themes: 1.) Exploring Data 2.) Sampling and Experimentation 3.) Anticipating Patterns 4.) Statistical Inference. The AP Statistics Exam format is: Multiple-Choice Section-90 minutes-50% of exam ... 4.9 (56 reviews) A sociologist is studying the social media habits of high school students in a school district. The sociologist wants to estimate the average total number of minutes spent on social media per day in the population. A random sample of 50 high school students was selected, and they were asked, "How many minutes per day, on ... For more details about the paper and digital exam format, check out our 2021 AP Statistics Exam Guide. AP Statistics Cheat Sheet PDF & Review Chart. Download this cram chart to view all the important vocab and concepts you need to know to be prepared for the exam. Happy studying!Mar 11, 2024 ... In this video I go over MCQ #19-22 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2013 AP Statistics Practice Exam.A.) 0.11 B.) 0.21 C.) 0.34 D.) 0.79 E.) 0.89, The life span of a battery is the amount of time the battery will last. The distribution of life span for a certain type of battery is approximately normal with mean 2.5 hours and standard deviation 0.25 hour. Suppose one battery will be selected at random.Answer: B. Q.9 What is the scale applied in statistics, which imparts a difference of magnitude and proportions, is considered as? (A) Exponential scale. (B) Goodness scale. (C) Ratio scale. (D) Satisfactory scale. Answer: C. Q.10 Review of performance appraisal, labour turnover rates, planning of incentives, and training programs are the ...Unit 2: Exploring Two-Variable Data. You’ll build on what you’ve learned by representing two-variable data, comparing distributions, describing relationships between variables, and using models to make predictions. Topics may include: Comparing representations of 2 categorical variables. Calculating statistics for 2 categorical variables.In the world of education and assessment, technology has revolutionized the way we approach testing and evaluation. One of the key advantages of online testing platforms for MCQ qu...Questions 1–25 Directions: The questions or incomplete statements that follow are each followed by five suggested answers or completions. Choose the response that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1. Suppose there is a correlation of r = 0.9 between number of hours per day students study and GPAs.Here are some AP Statistics study tips to help you earn that coveted 5, in addition to the steps to earn a minimum of 3: Be prepared to practice for 45 to 60 minutes every day. Further, increase the number of UWorld AP Statistics multiple-choice questions you practice every day.We will go over the 2012 multiple choice and review the topics presented with each question.The Kansas City Chiefs, also known as the NFL KC Chiefs, are one of the most exciting teams to watch in the National Football League. With a strong roster of talented players, they...Early Solutions for the 2022 AP Statistics Exam. For the first time in the history of the AP Statistics exam, there was not a free response question asking students to perform a full significance test! Our students were so disappointed. But this move by the College Board did open up room for some really great questions for this year's exam. As ...The mean is 35.2, and the standard deviation is 9.5/2. The distribution of the commute times for the employees at a large company has mean 22.4 minutes and standard deviation 6.8 minutes. A random sample of n employees will be selected and their commute times will be recorded. What is true about the sampling distribution of the sample mean as n ...Study guides & practice questions for 10 key topics in AP Stats Unit 1 ... Score Higher on AP Statistics 2024: MCQ Tips from Students. 4 min read.AP Statistics Practice Exam From the 2 014 Administration This Practic e Exa m is provided by the Colleg e Boar d fo r AP Exam preparation . Teacher s ar e permitted to download the material s an d mak e copies to use wit h thei r student s in a classroo m settin g onl y. T o maintai n th e securit y of this exam , teacher s shoul d collec t al l material s afte r thei r administratio n an d ...A. A 100 mg increase in dosage results in a decrease in the time until relief by more than two minutes on average. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A health professional is investigating whether stress level before a routine practice session can be used to predict the mean stress level before a major figure ...Teachers: Explore timing and format for the AP Statistics Exam. Review sample questions, scoring guidelines, and sample student responses.Continue your response to QUESTION 3 on this page. (b) Calculate and interpret the expected value for the number of gift cards a particular employee will receive in a 52-week year. Show your work. (c) Suppose that Agatha, an employee at the company, never receives a gift card for an entire 52-week year.Search for 'AP Statistics Free Response' to find the College Board website past exam page and work any FRQ you want from any previous year's exam (and check answers with their posted solutions). ... AP Statistics Course Review Study Guide. MCQ Review Materials: 2007 MCQs (problems) 2007 MCQs (solutions) 2002 MCQs (problems)Are your savings habits in line with other Americans? We will walk you through everything you need to know about savings accounts in the U.S. We may be compensated when you click o...Apr 7, 2022 ... In this video I go over MCQ #31-35 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2015 AP Statistics Exam.AP ® Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions . Begin your response to . QUESTION 1 . on this page. STATISTICS SECTION II . Total Time—1 hour and 30 minutes . 6 Questions . Part A Suggested Time—1 hour and 5 minutes 5 Questions . Directions: Show all your work. Indicate clearly the methods you use, because you will be scored on the correctnessApr 2, 2024 ... AP Statistics: Chapter 12 - BONUS MULTIPLE CHOICE REVIEW. 348 views · 1 month ago ...more. mathmanbillg. 2.66K.C. The test provides convincing evidence that the proportion is greater than 90%, but the actual proportion is equal to 90%. At a manufacturing company, the percent of defective items produced on the assembly line is 2%. The company is testing a new assembly line designed to reduce the percent of defective parts.The Bentley Brookland Coupe is a luxury car that has captured the attention of automotive enthusiasts around the world. Known for its elegant design and powerful performance, this ...2022 College Board. 2. A dermatologist will conduct an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of a new drug to treat acne. The dermatologist has recruited 36 pairs of identical twins. Each person in the experiment has acne and each person in the experiment will receive either the new drug or a placebo.Apr 27, 2022 ... In this video I go over MCQ #26-30 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2017 AP Statistics Exam.37 of 37. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for AP Statistics Multiple Choice Test Questions, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.Kobe Bryant played his high school ball at Lower Merion, located in Ardmore, Pa. Kobe averaged 30.8 points, 12 rebounds, 6.5 assists, 4.0 steals and 3.8 blocked shots in his senior...The probabilities of failure for each component in any one year are .01,.03,.04. If any one component fails the device will fail. If the components fail independently of one another what's the probability that the device will not fail in one year. .922. 2012 AP STATISTICS SECTION 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for ...AP Stats Midterm: Ch. 1 - 6. 64 terms. Emily_McGee40. Preview. Inferential statistics . ... Unit 6 Progress Check: MCQ Part A (AP STATS) 12 terms. kate4994. Preview. AP Statistics Unit 6 Progress Check: MCQ Part D. 18 terms. therileymcspadden. Preview. STATS FINAL EXAM. 116 terms. mcobia3. Preview. Cotrell & McKenzie - Chapter 8 (pg …The AP Stats exam is three hours long and consists of two sections: a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. 1 multi-part question on Collecting Data, assessing Skill Category 1: Selecting Statistical Methods. 1 multi-part question on Exploring Data, assessing Skill Category 2: Data Analysis.a. it is a measure of spread. b. it is sensitive to outliers. c. it is the average of the max and min values. d. it is a measure of center. it is a measure spread. select the true statement: a. the five number summary consists of the minimum, Q1, mean, Q3, and max values. b. the IQR is a measure of spread and is found by adding the lower and ...AP Statistics 2020 Formulas and Tables Sheet. Probability . z . Table entry for . z . is the probability lying below . z. Table A (Continued) zSummary: Statistics AP Exam. The AP Statistics exam is three hours long and consists of 40 multiple-choice questions and six free-response questions. To prepare well for AP Stats exam questions, it's important to take practice exams and know how to grade them so you can estimate how well you'd do on the actual test.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like discrete data, continuous data, relative frequency and more.AP Stats Unit 5 MCQ A. 15 terms. joemanoj123. Preview. Unit 6 Progress Check: MCQ Part A (AP STATS) 12 terms. kate4994. Preview. Survey Sampling Techniques. 17 terms. ailment-bypass. ... AP Statistics - Chapter 1.1 - Analyzing Categorical Data . 18 terms. Favour1232. Preview. stat exam 1 . 42 terms. meghanm0091. Preview. Chapter 2 stats. … AP Statistics Exam Questions. Free-Response Questions and Scoring Information. Download free-response questions from this year's exam and past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. An example of an animal that starts with the letter “X” is the Xerus inauris, commonly known as the South African ground squirrel. These squirrels can be found in the southern Afri...Are your savings habits in line with other Americans? We will walk you through everything you need to know about savings accounts in the U.S. We may be compensated when you click o...Note: This is an example of 2020 Question 2, a multi-focus free-response item with allotted time of 15 minutes (plus 5 minutes to submit). Question 1 is a longer multi-focus free-response item, with allotted time of 25 minutes (plus 5 minutes to submit). Students at an agricultural station conducted a study to compare genetically modified (GM ...AP Stats Unit 5 MCQ A. 15 terms. joemanoj123. Preview. Unit 6 Progress Check: MCQ Part A (AP STATS) 12 terms. kate4994. Preview. Survey Sampling Techniques. 17 terms. ailment-bypass. ... AP Statistics - Chapter 1.1 - Analyzing Categorical Data . 18 terms. Favour1232. Preview. stat exam 1 . 42 terms. meghanm0091. Preview. Chapter 2 stats. …A.) 0.11 B.) 0.21 C.) 0.34 D.) 0.79 E.) 0.89, The life span of a battery is the amount of time the battery will last. The distribution of life span for a certain type of battery is approximately normal with mean 2.5 hours and standard deviation 0.25 hour. Suppose one battery will be selected at random.AP Statistics 2020 Formulas and Tables Sheet. Probability . z . Table entry for . z . is the probability lying below . z. Table A (Continued) zThe AP Statistics Exam will test your understanding of the mathematical concepts covered in the course units, including your ability to use statistical methods and calculate the probability of an outcome. You’ll need to bring a graphing calculator with statistics capabilities to the exam. Exam Duration. 3hrs. Customers are classified as using 1 card, 2 cards, or more than 2 cards. The company conducts a chi-square goodness-of-fit test to investigate whether there is a change in the distribution of number of cards used from last year to this year. The value of the chi-square test statistic was χ2=7.82 with a corresponding p-value of 0.02. AP Stat Unit 3 Progress Check: MCQ Part A. 12 terms. BreeStr8. Preview. reflexive verbs. 7 terms. snoto2026541. Preview. English Macbeth Test 4/18. 46 terms. Angelena_Mendola. Preview. Bio Practical Questions with Quiz Q's. 50 terms. danielle_vigneau9. ... There are two statistics classes. The first has 350 students and the second has 250 students. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A consumer group is investigating the number of flights at a certain airline that are overbooked. They conducted a simulation to estimate the probability of overbooked flights in the next 5 flights. The results of 1,000 trials are shown in the following histogram. The Associated Press (AP) Top 25 rankings are a highly anticipated and closely followed aspect of college football. These rankings provide a snapshot of the top teams in the countr...2022 AP Score Distributions. See how students performed on each AP Exam for the exams administered in 2022. PDF. 4.42 KB. 2023 AP score distribution tables show the percentages of 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, and 5s for each AP subject for all AP students.AP® Statistics 2022 Scoring Guidelines . Question 1: Focus on Exploring Data 4 points . General Scoring Notes • Each part of the question (indicated by a letter) is initially scored by determining if it meets the criteria for essentially correct (E), partially correct (P), or incorrect (I). The response is then categorized based on theAP Statistics Practice Exam From the 2 014 Administration This Practic e Exa m is provided by the Colleg e Boar d fo r AP Exam preparation . Teacher s ar e permitted to download the material s an d mak e copies to use wit h thei r student s in a classroo m settin g onl y. T o maintai n th e securit y of this exam , teacher s shoul d collec t al l material s afte r thei r administratio n an d ...1. The sizes, in square feet, of the 20 rooms in a student residence hall at a certain university are summarized in the following histogram. Based on the histogram, write a few sentences describing the distribution of room size in the residence hall. Summary statistics for the sizes are given in the following table. Mean.The probabilities of failure for each component in any one year are .01,.03,.04. If any one component fails the device will fail. If the components fail independently of one another what's the probability that the device will not fail in one year. .922. 2012 AP STATISTICS SECTION 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for ...Mar 25, 2023 ... In this video I go over MCQ #1-5 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2015 AP Statistics Exam.1. The statistics below provide a summary of the distribution of heights, in inches, for a simple random sample of 200 young children. Mean: 46 inches Median: 45 inches Standard Deviation: 3 inches First Quartile: 43 inches Third Quartile: 48 inches. About 100 children in the sample have heights that are.Other great resources include multiple choice quizzes, free response strategies, class notes, study guides, and videos. We also feature the best cram packets for your last minute exam review. AP Statistics: Find all the best AP Stats practice tests, notes, outlines, and free response questions. The AP Practice Exams statistics page also ...A. A 100 mg increase in dosage results in a decrease in the time until relief by more than two minutes on average. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A health professional is investigating whether stress level before a routine practice session can be used to predict the mean stress level before a major figure ... From a randomly chosen home basketball game, choose every tenth student who enters the gymnasium. A teacher at a culinary arts school will conduct an experiment to investigate which of three methods of instruction works best in teaching students how to make a good pie crust. Each student in a group of 60 students will be randomly assigned to ... Practice questions in Albert's AP® Statistics to review exam prep concepts such as describing and collecting data or using samples to make inferences in various contexts.What Does the AP Statistics Exam Test You On? The content of the AP Stats exam and course is centered around nine units. Below are the nine units, along with what …Indicate clearly the methods you use, because you will be scored on the correctness of your methods as well as on the accuracy and completeness of your results and explanations. 6. Two students at a large high school, Peter and Rania, wanted to estimate m, the mean number of soft drinks that.This is a PDF package of the official AP Statistics 2019 Full Exam, complete with all sections including: 1. SECTION I: Multiple Choice (Part A & B) 2. SECTION II: Free Response 3. Answer Key You can obtain full PDF package of the official AP Statistics 2019 full exam here. Below is a preview of each sections SEC.Apr 27, 2022 ... In this video I go over MCQ #31-35 of the Multiple Choice Section of the 2017 AP Statistics Exam.If you want to score well on the AP Statistics exam, you'll almost certainly need to take some practice tests. Official resources are the best to use, but there are also lots of high-quality unofficial quizzes and tests that you should be using.Statistics Practice Exam From the 2012 Administration This Practice Exam from the 2012 international administration is provided by the College Board for AP Exam preparation. Teachers are permitted to download the materials and make copies to use with their students in a classroom setting only. To maintain the security of this exam, teachers …With our score calculator, you can learn what you’ll need to score a 3, 4, or 5. AP® score calculators are a great way to motivate yourself when you’re studying. You can quickly realize how close you may be to getting the score you want. We recommend you run our calculator regularly in your AP® exam prep, so you can understand where you ...

Teachers: Explore timing and format for the AP Statistics Exam. Review sample questions, scoring guidelines, and sample student responses.. Scorpion pistol brace

ap stats mcq

The AP College Football Top 25 rankings are an eagerly anticipated list that provides insight into the best college football teams in the country. The AP College Football Top 25 ra...Class 4 Math Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) tests can be challenging for students. However, with the right study techniques, you can improve your performance and excel in these tes... Section II: Free-Response Questions. This is the free-response section of the 2012 AP exam. It includes cover material and other administrative instructions to help familiarize students with the mechanics of the exam. (Note that future exams may differ in look from the following content.) AP® Statistics Exam. 4.8 (59 reviews) Get a hint. In a large study designed to compare the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between smokers and nonsmokers, random samples from each group were selected. The sample proportion of people with CVD was calculated for each group, and a 95 percent confidence interval for the difference (smoker minus nonsmoker) was ... The AP Stats exam is three hours long and consists of two sections: a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. 1 multi-part question on Collecting Data, assessing Skill Category 1: Selecting Statistical Methods. 1 multi-part question on Exploring Data, assessing Skill Category 2: Data Analysis. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A group of students played a game in which they earned points for answering questions correctly. The following dotplot shows the total number of points earned by each student. Which of the following is the best description of the distribution of points earned?, The table shows the responses … AP Statistics Unit 5 Progress Check: MCQ Part B. In a certain region of the country, the proportion of the population with blue eyes is currently 17 percent. A random sample of 100 people will be selected from the population. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion of people with blue eyes for samples of size 100 ? Search for 'AP Statistics Free Response' to find the College Board website past exam page and work any FRQ you want from any previous year's exam (and check answers with their posted solutions). ... AP Statistics Course Review Study Guide. MCQ Review Materials: 2007 MCQs (problems) 2007 MCQs (solutions) 2002 MCQs (problems)AP Stats Multiple Choice for Unit 1. 12 terms. Blurred_Crusade. Preview. Word Dissection lesson 14 English 3P. 7 terms. Gabriel_Gil228. Preview. Module 2 Cycle 10. 18 terms. ptlola88. Preview. Chapter 1 Ap Statistics Practice Test. 11 terms. hannahop23857. Preview. AP Statistics Unit 2 Multiple Choice. 16 terms. Mochaloca_2. Preview.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The distribution of heights for adult men in a certain population is approximately normal with mean 70 inches and standard deviation 4 inches. Which of the following represents the middle 80 percent of the heights? A.) 50 inches to 73.37 inches B.) 62 inches to 78 inches C.) 64.87 inches to …Albert Pujols is undoubtedly one of the greatest baseball players of all time. With a remarkable career spanning over two decades, Pujols has left an indelible mark on the sport. F...6. A jewelry company uses a machine to apply a coating of gold on a certain style of necklace. The amount of gold applied to a necklace is approximately normally distributed. When the machine is working properly, the amount of gold applied to a necklace has a mean of 300 milligrams (mg) and standard deviation of 5 mg.AP Statistics Exam. The AP Stats course focuses on data collection and analysis, as well as the use of data to draw conclusions. There are four major themes: 1.) Exploring Data 2.) Sampling and Experimentation 3.) Anticipating Patterns 4.) Statistical Inference. The AP Statistics Exam format is: Multiple-Choice Section-90 minutes-50% of exam ... The AP Stats exam is three hours long and consists of two sections: a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. 1 multi-part question on Collecting Data, assessing Skill Category 1: Selecting Statistical Methods. 1 multi-part question on Exploring Data, assessing Skill Category 2: Data Analysis. AP Statistics Exam Questions. Free-Response Questions and Scoring Information. Download free-response questions from this year's exam and past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. Practice questions in Albert's AP® Statistics to review exam prep concepts such as describing and collecting data or using samples to make inferences in various contexts.AP Statistics Scoring Guide Unit 3 Progress Check: MCQ Part A Copyright © 2017. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program.AP Classroom is a free and flexible online platform that provides instructional resources for each AP course to support student learning of all course content and skills. AP Classroom r esources, including AP Daily videos, help your students learn and practice all year. Learn about all instructional resources in AP Classroom.AP Statistics is an introductory college-level statistics course that introduces students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Students cultivate their understanding of statistics using technology, investigations, problem solving, and writing as they explore concepts like variation and ....

Popular Topics