By Joan Didion Published: May 19, 2021 5:00 AM EST. Save Article. In the September 1989 issue of Esquire, several months after Robert Mapplethorpe's death, Joan Didion distilled the photographer's ...Robert Mapplethorpe was one of the twentieth century's most important and influential artists, known for his groundbreaking and provocative work. He studied painting, drawing, and sculpture in Brooklyn in the 1960s and started taking photographs when he acquired a Polaroid camera in 1970. This comprehensive monograph is an overview of the ...A partir de cette période, Robert Mapplethorpe produit des œuvres qui sont à l’origine de sa notoriété. Parmi celles-ci, “The X portfolio” qui présente des séries d’images SM, une série de Lisa Lyon première championne du monde de Body building dans des poses statuaires et une série de portraits de célébrités des années 80. Mapplethorpe …‘Ecstatic erotic desire’ … Robert Mapplethorpe (right) with Lisa Lyon, 1982 . All works are silver gelatin print. Photograph: Courtesy: The Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation, New York, and ...Robert Mapplethorpe était un artiste américain influent, qui est mieux connu en tant que photographe. Ses photographies étaient principalement en noir et blanc et illustraient des scènes sordides de la vie nocturne dans la ville de New York et de la contre-culture au cours de la fin des années 1960 et 1970. « You're never going to get anywhere in life if you …Robert Mapplethorpe. Du 26 mars 2014 Au 13 juillet 2014. Grand Palais, Galeries nationales. Achetez votre billet. Description. Horaires. Tarifs. Robert …Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989) is undoubtedly one of the most important photographers of the twentieth century. He was inspired by the sculpture of classical antiquity and the Renaissance, and translated this aesthetic to a time and culture of his own, namely New York’s gay scene in the 1980s. I’m looking for the unexpectedRobert Mapplethorpe (Floral Park, New York, 1946. november 4. – Boston, Massachusetts, 1989. március 9.) amerikai fotóművész. Legtöbb alkotása erősen stilizált fekete-fehér portré, de gyakran fényképezett virágokat és férfiaktokat is. Homoerotikus töltetű képei kapcsán komoly társadalmi vita bontakozott ki. Élete. …Nov 30, 2023 ... The show begins in 1976 when Mapplethorpe had already evolved from Polaroids and begun using a Hasselblad 500 camera. The exhibition concludes ...Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Medium, now showing at Art Gallery of New South Wales, showcases a broad selection of his work, from portraits of his …Robert Mapplethorpe is indelibly a New York artist. The X, Y, and Z Portfolios (published in 1978, 1978, and 1981, respectively) by American photographer Robert Mapplethorpe (1946–1989) summarize Mapplethorpe’s ambitions as a fine-art photographer and contemporary artist, reflecting the tripartite division of his mature work: …The meaning of “Design” by Robert Frost is that all things that men relate to within the universe have a certain type of evil within their innocence. The poem focuses around the wa...Artworks · A work made of gelatin silver print. Lisa Lyon, Joshua Tree, 1980 · A work made of gelatin silver print. Jack Walls, 1982 · A work made of gelatin&n... Robert Mapplethorpe papers and photographs, 1850–2011 (bulk 1970–1989) Generously donated by the Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation, the Robert Mapplethorpe Archive housed at the Getty Research Institute contains dozens of Polaroids, and more than 200 unique works of art, including drawings, hand-painted collages, and assemblages, some of which ... Just Kids is a memoir by Patti Smith, published on January 19, 2010, documenting her relationship with artist Robert Mapplethorpe. "I didn't write it to be cathartic," she noted."I wrote it because Robert asked me to… Our relationship was such that I knew what he would want and the quality of what he deserved.This week marks 27 years since the American artist Robert Mapplethorpe died of an Aids-related illness, aged just 42. He was already a star before his death, admired for his formalist black-and ...Mar 16, 2016 · Celebrity Style. By Christian Allaire. Opinion. By. Celebrity Style. See a look at some of Robert Mapplethorpe's best photographs. Robert Mapplethorpe also introduced and refined various techniques and formats, including 20″ x 24″ color Polaroids, photogravures, platinum prints on paper and linen, Cibachrome, and dye transfer prints. In 1986, Mapplethorpe was diagnosed with AIDS. The Whitney Museum of American Art presented the first major retrospective of his work in ...Robert Mapplethorpe - Early Polaroids, 1970–1975. Unearthed early work, courtesy of the Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation. by VICE Staff. RM. by Robert Mapplethorpe. February 20, 2014, 1:00pm.ROBERT MAPPLETHORPE. 1946-1989 'ANDY WARHOL', 1986. Silver print, printed 1986, dry-mounted to card. Signed, dated on the photographer's copyright stamp and titled, dated and numbered 2/10 in ink in an unknown hand on the reverse of the card. Mounted and framed. Image 58.5 x 48.7 cm (23 3/8 x 19 1/8 in.);Sep 23, 2019 · Mapplethorpe: Directed by Ondi Timoner. With Matt Smith, Marianne Rendón, John Benjamin Hickey, Brandon Sklenar. A look at the life of photographer Robert Mapplethorpe from his rise to fame in the 1970s to his untimely death in 1989. Robert Mapplethorpe: Animism, Faith, Violence, and Conquest, Curated by Jacolby Satterwhite. Los Angeles, CA. February 24 – May 4, 2024. Upcoming. Currier Museum of …Robert Mapplethorpe (born Nov. 4, 1946, New York, N.Y., U.S.—died March 9, 1989, Boston, Mass.) was an American photographer who was noted for austere … Robert Mapplethorpe was one of the twentieth century's most important and influential artists, known for his groundbreaking and provocative work. He studied painting, drawing, and sculpture in Brooklyn in the 1960s and started taking photographs when he acquired a Polaroid camera in 1970. This comprehensive monograph is an overview of the ... Mapplethorpe is a 2018 American biographical drama film written and directed by Ondi Timoner about the life of photographer Robert Mapplethorpe. Shooting began on July 11, 2017 in New York and lasted only 19 days. [1]It's just been announced that Robert Mapplethorpe: Perfection in Form, the first ever exhibition of a modern artist in the gallery where – in addition to David – Michelangelo's unfinished ...Robert Mapplethorpe Untitled #5 from the Ken Moody Portfolio 1985 Single color photogravure with watercolor and flocking 30 x 24-3/4 inches. Edition: 60 Call for pricing and availability. Robert Mapplethorpe Orchid 1986–87 Photogravure 45 x 38-1/8 inches. Edition: 30 No Longer Available. Robert Mapplethorpe HyacinthRobert Mapplethorpe Quotes - BrainyQuote. American - Photographer November 4, 1946 - March 9, 1989. Beauty and the devil are the same thing. Robert Mapplethorpe. I am obsessed with beauty. I want everything to be perfect, and of course it isn't. And that's a tough place to be because you're never satisfied. …Orchid was made in 1987 by Robert Mapplethorpe, who originally trained as a painter before taking an interest in photography. As he stated in 1988: ‘When I started out, I didn’t know anything about photography, only the history of painting’ (quoted in Celant 1992, p.17). His interest had been sparked, in part, by John McKendry, the curator of prints and …Item 1 - 12 of 26 ... Robert MAPPLETHORPE · R. Mapplethorpe set of one perfumed candle Lily · R. Mapplethorpe set of one perfumed candle Cala... · R. Mappletho...Robert Mapplethorpe, Embrace (1982). Photo: Courtesy of artnet. For what it is—which is an ambitious documentary condensed for easy consumption—the film serves as a much-needed entry point for ...The meaning of “Design” by Robert Frost is that all things that men relate to within the universe have a certain type of evil within their innocence. The poem focuses around the wa... Mapplethorpe selected his thirteen best images from this period and, in collaboration with his gallerist Robert Miller and art dealers Harry Lunn and Robert Self, published them as ‘X’ portfolio. Organised sequentially, the portfolio opens with an abstract photograph of a man’s shaven head and shoulders taken from above. Robert Mapplethorpe's Calla Lily is part of a series of flower photographs taken by the artist throughout his career. Like his portraits, these images reflect his fascination with physical beauty and flaunt his technical facility in representing it. Here, Mapplethorpe isolates, lights, and crops the lily to emphasize its paradoxical …By Joan Didion Published: May 19, 2021 5:00 AM EST. Save Article. In the September 1989 issue of Esquire, several months after Robert Mapplethorpe's death, Joan Didion distilled the photographer's ...25 years after Mapplethorpe's death, an overview on his nudes, portraits, self-portraits, floral still lifes and other works compiled by the art critic ...Feb 28, 2024 ... Radical glamour: Edward Enninful curates Robert Mapplethorpe · Edward Enninful needs no introduction. · 'Mapplethorpe is a photographer I got to&...About this artwork. Robert Mapplethorpe was a highly successful American photographer who came to prominence in the 1970s for his photographs of explicit, ...Robert Mapplethorpe est un grand artiste classique, avec une problématique de plasticien, qui a utilisé le medium de la photographie comme il aurait pu utiliser la sculpture. Au-delà de l’aspect artistique, cette exposition est aussi un témoignage sur le New York artistique des années 1970-1980. Dans son …Robert Mapplethorpe. ‘Kathy Acker'1983 gelatin silver photograph 50.3 x 40.2 cm Promised Gift of The Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation to The J Paul Getty Trust and the Los Angeles County Museum of ...Robert Mapplethorpe (Floral Park, New York, 1946. november 4. – Boston, Massachusetts, 1989. március 9.) amerikai fotóművész. Legtöbb alkotása erősen stilizált fekete-fehér portré, de gyakran fényképezett virágokat és férfiaktokat is. Homoerotikus töltetű képei kapcsán komoly társadalmi vita bontakozott ki. Élete. …A 79-minute film on the notorious photographer Robert Mapplethorpe by director Paul Tschinkel. This is a four minute excerpt from the full length documentary...Robert Mapplethorpe is among the most influential visual artists of the late twentieth century. This major retrospective exhibition reexamines the arc of his photographic work from its humble beginnings in the early 1970s to the culture wars of the 1990s. Featuring portraits, nudes, still lifes, and the controversial X Portfolio, the …Rolling Stone a visité en avant-première l’exposition parisienne consacrée au photographe américain. Une oeuvre immanquable, tant par son ADN rock’n’roll que par sa quasi perfection formelle Patti Smith, 1978 « Si j’étais né il y a cent ou deux cents ans, j’aurais été sans doute sculpteur, mais la photographie est une façon rapide de regarder, …Portrait d'artiste : Robert Mapplethorpe. Robert Mapplethorpe est connu pour ses portraits et autoportraits en noir et blanc. Il a pris sa première photo au début des années 1970 avec un appareil Polaroid. Dès lors, il commence à prendre des photos pour un large cercle d’amis et de connaissances, notamment …The Estate of Robert Mapplethorpe ... Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989) was born in New York. He earned a B.F.A. from Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, where he produced ... Robert Michael Mapplethorpe, född 4 november 1946 i Floral Park i Queens i New York, [ 7] död 9 mars 1989 i Boston, Massachusetts, var en amerikansk fotograf . Mapplethorpe är framför allt känd för sina svartvita, minutiöst komponerade studiobilder, ofta med homoerotiska motiv eller blommor. Robert Mapplethorpe was one of the great masters of art photography. He produced highly stylised black and white portraits, nudes and still lifes.Robert Mapplethorpe est un photographe américain connu pour ses portraits en noir et blanc et son témoignage de la scène sado-masochiste new-yorkaise. Il s’intéresse aux …Nora Roberts is a prolific and beloved author who has captivated readers around the world with her gripping storytelling and unforgettable characters. With over 200 novels to her n...Mapplethorpe took the iconic cover photograph for Smith's first album, Horses, which came out in 1975. "The only rule we had was, Robert told me if I wore a white shirt, not to wear a dirty one ...Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989) became famous, not to say notorious, in the 1970s and 1980s for his photographs of male and female nudes and for his depictions of gay, sado-masochistic sex. His exploration of hitherto hidden areas of life was very much part of the sexual liberation movements of that time. Now, nearly 30 years after his death, it is …Matt Smith plays the late artist Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989) in a new biopic. (Samuel Goldwyn Films) ( 1.5 stars) The late artist Robert Mapplethorpe photographed flowers and celebrities, but ...Nov 30, 2023 · An Expansive New Exhibition of Robert Mapplethorpe’s Lesser-Known Works. Miss Rosen, AnOther. 30 November 2023. Over the course of his brief but wondrous life, Robert Mapplethorpe was a seminal force in elevating photography to the realms of fine art. Guided by a clear vision, steely determination, and impeccable grace, he crafted images that ... Robert Mapplethorpe et Patti Smith au Chelsea Hotel (New York), en 1969. Le premier est exposé au Grand Palais, jusqu'au 13 juillet. "Une secousse au poignet, l'excitation, le déclic. L ...Robert Mapplethorpe (American, 1946–1989) was a photographer who is equally celebrated for his Classical, elegant still lifes as for his frank portrayals of sadomasochism and homoeroticism. Mapplethorpe’s subjects were often his friends and lovers—including several celebrities—captured in dramatically lit, carefully posed studio photographs that …Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Medium, now showing at Art Gallery of New South Wales, showcases a broad selection of his work, from portraits of his …Nov 5, 1989 · November 5, 1989. Robert Mapplethorpe in his studio on Bond Street in New York, December 22, 1979. Photograph by Fred W. McDarrah / Getty. When photography is about love, the picture usually crops ... Feb 21, 2024 · Robert Mapplethorpe. A key figure in late 20th-century photography, Mapplethorpe created work with a distinctive tension between opposites: sacred and profane, mainstream and underground, light and dark. From his early Polaroid portraits, to his fashion photography and later controversial work, Mapplethorpe's photographs are well-ordered and ... Robert Mapplethorpe once described photography as ‘the perfect medium … for the seventies and eighties, when everything was so fast’. In the 1960s, 70s and 80s, New York – as in many other …Robert Mapplethorpe; Lisa Lyon, Joshua Tree, 1980 Robert Mapplethorpe; Larry D., 1980 Robert Mapplethorpe; Explore Further. Most Similar Gelatin silver (developing-out-paper) pr United States 1946–1989 More More options . Most Similar Gelatin silver (developing-out-paper) pr ...Nov 2, 2016 ... Mapplethorpe understood that clothing is used to mark sexual identity and independence, and he used art to provide a context for erotic display.Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989) is undoubtedly one of the most important photographers of the twentieth century. He was inspired by the sculpture of classical antiquity and the Renaissance, and translated this aesthetic to a time and culture of his own, namely New York’s gay scene in the 1980s. I’m looking for the unexpectedBegins September 10, 2016 In this major Canadian premiere, discover the work of the American photographer Robert Mapplethorpe – seductive and disturbing, ...Robert Mapplethorpe: GRACE JONES €15.600 Login required! Please login in order to use this feature. Login Create profil. Auction house Cologne +49 221 925729-0 [email protected]. Auction house Berlin +49 30 278760-80 [email protected]. Auction house Munich +49 89 981077 ...Robert Mapplethorpe (83 résultats) Ajouté (s) récemment. Retrouvez les œuvres d’art en vente et toutes les informations sur Robert Mapplethorpe (américain, 1946-1989). Pour en savoir plus sur Robert Mapplethorpe, parcourez ses œuvres dans les galeries, ses lots mis aux enchères, son actualité et bien plus encore.Learn about this artwork by Robert Mapplethorpe in the Guggenheim's Collection Online.Robert Mapplethorpe was born in 1946 in Floral Park, Queens. Of his childhood he said, "I come from suburban America. It was a very safe environment and it was a good place to …Browse 1,023 robert mapplethorpe photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. Showing Editorial results for robert mapplethorpe. Search instead in Creative? American photographer and artist Robert Mapplethorpe drinks from a glass at the Man Ray Bal Blanc at the New …Nora Roberts is a prolific and beloved author who has captivated readers around the world with her gripping storytelling and unforgettable characters. With over 200 novels to her n...Robert Mapplethorpe - Early Polaroids, 1970–1975. Unearthed early work, courtesy of the Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation. by VICE Staff. RM. by Robert Mapplethorpe. February 20, 2014, 1:00pm.25 years after Mapplethorpe's death, an overview on his nudes, portraits, self-portraits, floral still lifes and other works compiled by the art critic ...Robert Mapplethorpe Biography. The work of photographer Robert Mapplethorpe embodied the subculture of New York City in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He documented the BDSM scene through a highly trained artistic eye, linking the aesthetics of his subject matter with the classical traditions of artistic production.May 28, 2016 ... Andes Hruby, whose family lived in the same New York apartment building as Robert Mapplethorpe in the early 1980s, recalls when, ...Jun 16, 2011 ... Within the space of his studio Mapplethorpe was able to hone his craft as well as the visual language that distinguished his career. Today ...Robert Mapplethorpe est l’un des plus grands maîtres de la photographie d’art. C’est avec un noir et blanc extrêmement stylisé qu’il réalise portraits, nus, et natures mortes. Au-delà de la puissance érotique qui fait la célébrité de son œuvre, l’exposition présente la dimension classique du travail de l’artiste …Aug 3, 2023 · Robert Mapplethorpe. Robert Mapplethorpe (1946–1989), a highly regarded if controversial photographic artist, gained notoriety for his portrayal of sexually explicit images. Although many of his works — including exquisitely lighted images of flowers — are uncontroversial, a series of homoerotic and other sexually explicit photographs ... Robert Mapplethorpe est un photographe américain connu pour ses portraits en noir et blanc et son témoignage de la scène sado-masochiste new-yorkaise. Il s’intéresse aux aspects classiques de la beauté, qu’il s’agisse de nus, de natures mortes ou de portraits. La lumière, les ombres et les formes sont au centre de son travail. Alors que Mapplethorpe …Mapplethorpe described this shoot and Bourgeois herself as surreal: ‘you couldn’t, sort of tell her too much, she was just there.’ (Cited in Arena: Robert Mapplethorpe, 18 March 1988.) Louise Bourgeois worked as an artist from the 1930s until her death in 2010. Like Robert Mapplethorpe, Bourgeois often made art that was …Robert Mapplethorpe, Embrace (1982). Photo: Courtesy of artnet. For what it is—which is an ambitious documentary condensed for easy consumption—the film serves as a much-needed entry point for ...Edward Enninful. February 16 2024. Roula Khalaf, Editor of the FT, selects her favourite stories in this weekly newsletter. I was first introduced to Robert Mapplethorpe’s work by the stylist ...Robert Mapplethorpe: GRACE JONES €15.600 Login required! Please login in order to use this feature. Login Create profil. Auction house Cologne +49 221 925729-0 [email protected]. Auction house Berlin +49 30 278760-80 [email protected]. Auction house Munich +49 89 981077 ...Feb 25, 2024 ... In British Vogue's March 2024 issue, find a sneak peek at 'Robert Mapplethorpe curated by Edward Enninful', opening at Thaddaeus Ropac ...That the late, great American photographer Robert Mapplethorpe made and sold jewellery early in his career isn’t a secret – his long necklaces strung with all manner of found objects (dice ...Mapplethorpe revived his interest in skull imagery in the years before his death from AIDS related complications in 1989. For example, in Mapplethorpe’s final self-portrait (Tate AR00496) taken in the same year as this photograph, the artist sits holding a cane topped with a carved wooden skull. Gaunt and weathered, Mapplethorpe stares ...Jun 9, 2016 · Twenty-seven years ago, controversy erupted over Robert Mapplethorpe’s photographs. It changed my life. In June 1989, I was 22, a newly declared art history major at Northwestern University ... Robert Mapplethorpe, Grand Palais jusqu’au 13 juillet 2014, Galerie sud-est, entrée avenue Winston Churchill de 10h à 22h du mercredi au samedi et de 10h à 20h le dimanche et le lundi ...Sep 23, 2019 · Mapplethorpe: Directed by Ondi Timoner. With Matt Smith, Marianne Rendón, John Benjamin Hickey, Brandon Sklenar. A look at the life of photographer Robert Mapplethorpe from his rise to fame in the 1970s to his untimely death in 1989. Further reading Richard Meyer, ‘Imagining Sadomasochism: Robert Mapplethorpe and the Masquerade of Photography’, Qui Parle, vol.4, no.1, Autumn 1990, pp.62–78. Arthur C. Danto, Playing with the Edge: The Photographic Achievement of Robert Mapplethorpe, Berkeley and London 1996. Patti Smith, Just Kids, London 2010.Mapplethorpe revived his interest in skull imagery in the years before his death from AIDS related complications in 1989. For example, in Mapplethorpe’s final self-portrait (Tate AR00496) taken in the same year as this photograph, the artist sits holding a cane topped with a carved wooden skull. Gaunt and weathered, Mapplethorpe stares ...Browse 1,023 robert mapplethorpe photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. Showing Editorial results for robert mapplethorpe. Search instead in Creative? American photographer and artist Robert Mapplethorpe drinks from a glass at the Man Ray Bal Blanc at the New …Mapplethorpe, one of the most influential figures of his time, today stands as an example to emerging photographers who continue to experiment with the ...
Diagnostiqué séropositif en 1986, Robert Mapplethorpe met en scène dans un autoportrait sa maladie et l'imminence de la mort.... Origin banking online
Mapplethorpe selected his thirteen best images from this period and, in collaboration with his gallerist Robert Miller and art dealers Harry Lunn and Robert Self, published them as ‘X’ portfolio. Organised sequentially, the portfolio opens with an abstract photograph of a man’s shaven head and shoulders taken from above. Golf is one of the most popular sports in the world and it has been for centuries. Robert Trent Jones is one of the most renowned golf course designers in the world, and his course...Nov 30, 2023 ... The show begins in 1976 when Mapplethorpe had already evolved from Polaroids and begun using a Hasselblad 500 camera. The exhibition concludes ...The Culture Wars. When Robert Mapplethorpe died of AIDS-related conditions in March 1989, he was a prolific and respected artist. But his work – which had long provoked questions about censorship and freedom of expression – soon set off one of the fiercest episodes in what came to be known as the ‘Culture Wars’.Robert Mapplethorpe was one of the twentieth century's most important and influential artists, known for his groundbreaking and provocative work. He studied painting, drawing, and sculpture in Brooklyn in the 1960s and started taking photographs when he acquired a Polaroid camera in 1970. This comprehensive monograph is an overview of the ...Diagnostiqué séropositif en 1986, Robert Mapplethorpe met en scène dans un autoportrait sa maladie et l'imminence de la mort...Feb 27, 2024 ... He shook up the world of fashion. For his next move, the sartorial supremo wants to change how we view the explosively provocative ...July 25, 2019. Thirty years after Robert Mapplethorpe’s death, the legend still obscures the photographs. His demise at 42 from AIDS, during the height of the American epidemic, gave a tabloid ... Robert Mapplethorpe ( Floral Park, New York, 1946. november 4. – Boston, Massachusetts, 1989. március 9.) amerikai fotóművész. Legtöbb alkotása erősen stilizált fekete-fehér portré, de gyakran fényképezett virágokat és férfiaktokat is. Homoerotikus töltetű képei kapcsán komoly társadalmi vita bontakozott ki. Controversial photographer Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-1989) shocked the world with his images of bondage, gay-sex, female bodybuilders, and naked black men. …Robert Mapplethorpe, Fire is dominant in your natal chart and endows you with intuition, energy, courage, self-confidence, and enthusiasm! You are inclined to be passionate, you assert your willpower, you move forward, and come hell or high water, you achieve your dreams and your goals. The relative weakness of this element is the difficulty to step back …Robert Mapplethorpe. Né en 1946 à New York, États-Unis. Décédé en 1989 à New York. Robert Mapplethorpe réalise dès les années 1970 des photographies, pour les inclure …Biographie courte de Robert Mapplethorpe - Robert Mapplethorpe est un photographe d'art américain, réputé pour ses portraits de nus en noir et blanc, en vogue à New York pendant les années 1970 et 1980. Il naît le 4 novembre 1946 à Floral Park à New York, et décède à Boston le 9 mars 1989 à l'âge de 42 ans des …Robert Mapplethorpe (Floral Park, New York, 1946. november 4. – Boston, Massachusetts, 1989. március 9.) amerikai fotóművész. Legtöbb alkotása erősen stilizált fekete-fehér portré, de gyakran fényképezett virágokat és férfiaktokat is. Homoerotikus töltetű képei kapcsán komoly társadalmi vita bontakozott ki. Élete. …In the 17th century, the English physicist Robert Hooke discovered plant cells while examining cork under a microscope. He was the first to refer to the units as cells because thei....